According to ctor in dolfin/mesh/Mesh.h
/// Create mesh defined by Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)
///
/// *Arguments*
///     geometry (_CSGGeometry_)
///         The CSG geometry
///     resolution (std::size_t)
///         An integer specifying the mesh resolution
Mesh(boost::shared_ptr<const CSGGeometry> geometry,
     std::size_t resolution);
it is an integer specifying the mesh resolution. For more specific meaning you need to look into dolfin/mesh/Mesh.cpp and possibly other implementation files.